The contribution discusses the hagiotoponyms in Livonia in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Time (on the territory of modern Estonia and Latvia). Some parishes in Estonia, except in its southern part, and in Latvia in areas where in the Middle Ages the Finnic-language Liv people settled, bear names of patron saints of the parish churches . The names appear in the written texts in the post-Reformation period in the sixteenth-eighteenth centuries, and they are based on the adapted vernacular form of the saints’ names. This phenomenon is discussed as a result of the popular adaptation of saints’ cult by the Livonian native population. The toponym formation corresponds to the possessive place-names which is a very common language form in Estonian but less common in Latvian. Accordingly, the patron saint was seen as “possessor” of the parish.
