The most important changes in European societies recently occurred because of migrations, which significantly changed the demographic configuration. The main streams of immigrants come from North African countries to Portugal, Spain, France and Italy; from Turkey to Germany; from the Middle East to Europe as a whole; from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh mainly to the UK. These countries are developing linguistic and cultural communities that are also religious, raising the question of places of worship and conflicts with the old religions of the continent. The phenomenon of religious and inter-religious acculturation is a serious challenge, and inter-religious interaction is becoming more intense and prolonged than it has ever been in history.
